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Orosius as a source for Ibn Khaldun

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By Khalid on 2004/03/10 - 20:07, last updated 2004/04/15 - 23:40

In his history, Ibn Khaldun uses various sources, Islamic as well as non Islamic, contemporary, or ancient.Some researchers, like Levi-Provencal, have asserted that Ibn Khaldun has used Titus Livius' (Livy) work, because he mentions Hannibal and the Battle of Cannae in his history. Levi-Provencal even speculated that a copy of Livy's now lost work is to be found in some library in the Maghreb countries (Tunis, Algiers, Morocco).However, this cannot be true for several reasons: First, Livy's work has been missing for centuries, and second, Ibn Khaldun has relied on a translated work for Greek, Roman, and Biblical history, namely, that of Paulus Orosius.The Orosius translation was done during the reign of Al Hakam II (Al Mustansir, 350-366 A.H. /961-976 C.E.) of Cordoba, who was fond of learning, and commissioned a massive translation effort of Greek and Latin references.This old Arabic translation was published by Abdel Rahman Badawi, the Egyptian philosopher.Ibn Khaldun mentions:"وانا الان اذكر من كان فيها من الحكام على التتابع معتمدا على الصحيح منه على ما وقع في كتاب الطبري والمسعودي ومقابلا به ما نقله صاحب حماة من بني ايوب في تاريخه عن سفر الحكام والملوك من الاسرائيليات وما نقله ايضاً هروشيوش مؤرخ الروم في كتابه الذي ترجمه للحكم المستنصر من بني امية قاضي النصارى وترجمانهم بقرطبة وقاسم بن اصبغ‏" Also: "انتهى كلام ابن كريون وهو مناقض لما قاله هروشيوش‏.‏ فانه زعم ان بناء رومة كان لعهد داود عليه السلام وهروشيوش قال انه كان لعهد حزقيا رابع عشر ملوك بني يهوذا من لدن داود عليه السلام وبين المدتين تفاوت‏.‏ وخبر هروشيوش مقدم لان واضعيه مسلمان كانا يترجمان لخلفاء الاسلام بقرطبة وهما معروفان ووضعا الكتاب‏.‏ فالله اعلم بحقيقة الامر في ذلك‏"Note: This is not the only non-Muslim source that Ibn Khaldun uses. For example, Ibn Al 'Amid's work is used as a source.

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